Han string song figurine

During the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the art of guqin had a significant development. In addition to being accompaniment instruments in "Xianghe Song" and "Qing Shang Music", it also appeared in the form of "Dan Song". Such as instrumental music "Guangling San", "Da Hu Zu Ming", and "Little Hu Zu Ming", reflecting an important development stage of guqin as an instrumental music performance. Cai Yong and his daughter at the end of the Han Dynasty, and Ji Kang in the Wei and Jin Dynasties were both famous guqin players and composers at that time. For example, Ji Kang was good at playing the famous guqin song "Guangling San", which has been passed down as a historical legend. The famous music he created includes the four musical music of Ji's family: "Chang Qing", "Short Qing", "Long Side", and "Short Side"; the five Cai family's family: "On Spring", "Lu Shui", "Secret Residence", "Sitting and Sorrow"; the piano music "Wine Madness" written by Ruan Ji among the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest and the "Wine Night Cry" by Wang Yiqing of the Song Dynasty in the Six Dynasties.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, music in the Western Regions was prevalent, the pipa rose, and the development of guqin music was suppressed to a certain extent. However, the emergence of guqin scores not only promoted the spread of guqin music at that time, but also had far-reaching historical significance for the inheritance and development of guqin music in later generations, and made the history of ancient Chinese music into a period of sound that could be followed. Zhao Yeli, Zhao organized the popular guqin fingering scores at that time, and compiled works that explained the performance methods such as "Right Hand of the Piano" and "Playing the Piano gesture map". The famous guqin music "Jieshi Tu Youlan" was a score of Liang Qiuming in the Southern Dynasty. It is currently a Tang handwritten paper passed down to Japan. It is the earliest in China and the only guqin text score known so far.

Tang Dynasty poets Li Jiao, Li Qi, Li Bai, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Zhang Hu, Yuan Zhen and others all wrote immortal poems for the guqin. Bai Juyi loves the guqin. In "Night Qin", there is: "Shu Qin is solid in nature, and the Chu silk is clear in tune." His guqin is very skilled, and he can play and sing by himself. He even regards the guqin as a friend on the boat. In "Night Boat Helping the Qin", he wrote: "The moon is floating on the moon, and the moon shines on the night river, and there is nothing else outside, and there is only the guqin in the boat. The seven strings are good friends, and the two ears are the soulmate, and the heart is quiet and the voice is quiet, and his hearing is not ancient or modern." Zhang Hu's "Listen to Xu Yuanwai of Yuezhou" also contains: "The jade rules hidden guqin, and the heart of a philosopher and a saint's heart sees the heart of a saint. The wind in the sun is like the legacy, and the nine doubts are the apes and birds chant all over the mountains." This describes the rich expressiveness of the guqin.

Famous zithers of the Tang Dynasty were Zhao Yeli, Dong Tinglan, Xue Yijian, Chen Kangshi, Chen Zhuo, etc. Zhao Yeli summarized the zither school at that time and said: "The sound of Wu is clear and gentle, like the Yangtze River flows wide, and it lasts for a long time. The sound of Shu is irritating and thunder is also a handsome man." It is still in line with the characteristics of the Wu and Shu schools. Dong Tinglan of the prosperous Tang Dynasty wrote "The Great Hu Zi" and "The Little Hu Zi" and other zither music passed down from generation to generation. In his "Qin Jue", Xue Yijian summarized the role of guqin music as: "You can observe the style, absorb the heart and soul, distinguish joy and anger, please emotions, calm the mind and worry, enhance courage, distinguish the world, and distinguish ghosts and gods." He also proposed that the performers must "calm the mind and be calm and focus on emotions and minds", which was valued by later zither players, thus extending many standards for playing the piano.

In view of the inconvenience of the inconvenience of the writing composition of "the writing is very complicated" and the use is inconvenient, Cao Rou created the subtraction score. That is, a kind of score pattern formed by subtracting Chinese characters based on the composition of characters, which is similar to playing symbols, which is an early form of the guqin subtraction score. The famous zither artists in the Tang Dynasty were Dong Tinglan (During the Kaiyuan, Tianbao period), who inherited the most famous Shen and Zhu Erjia's tone at that time, and was good at playing the piano music "Da Hu Zuo" and "Little Hu Zuo". Xue Yijian, a zither artist in Tianbao, can play forty big plays and three hundred miscellaneous tunes, and has seven theoretical works "Qin Jue", which is good at playing the song "Three Gorges Flowing Spring", "Hu Zuo", "Wu Ye Cry", "Farewell to the Crane Cao", "White Snow" and other songs. There were also zither music written by Chen Kangshi, a zither artist in the late Tang Dynasty based on Qu Yuan's "Li Sao".

On the one hand, the guqin in the Song Dynasty showed nostalgic retro tendency. On the other hand, the long-term practice of guqin in the performance of "Xianghe Song" and "Qing Shang Music" has a profound connection with folk music, as well as the historical tradition of the guqin music "Old Sound of Chu and Han", which made the guqin music not obscured in the retro tendency, but developed in a tortuous and ups and downs. Guo Mian (named Chu Wang, born in 1190 and died 1260 years later) and his disciples Liu Zhifang, Mao Minzhong and others made a decision on the development of guqin music in terms of sorting out the guqin heritage and creation.

Contributions of the decisive contributions. Such as the piano music "Xiaoxiang Water Clouds", "Floating Canglang", and "Autumn Hong" created by Guo Mian; the piano music "Forget Ji" and "Wujiang Yin" created by Liu Zhifang; the piano music "Fisherman Song", "Film Woodcutter Song", "Perlan", and "Mountain Residence Yin" created by Mao Minzhong have been passed down to this day. The famous piano music at that time include "Chu Song", "Eighteen Beats of Hu Zu", "Ying on the Zen" and so on; the piano songs include "Ancient Resentment" by Jiang Kui (1155-1221 AD); "Drunk Weng Yin" written by Cui Xian, the Taoist priest of Lushan. The "History of the Qin" written by Zhu Changwen, a Song Dynasty man, truly records the historical materials of the Qin Dynasty of the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties.

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Chapter completed!