"The size of the hasty is about 1 ferm. In this area, the corresponding number of valence quarks and gluons are confined..."

"In the mit-bag model (pocket model), quarks and gluons, imprisoned in a pocket, can usually be regarded as a spherical cavity..."

"The confinement effect is manifested as a boundary condition and has an unchanging energy density b..."

While thinking, Chen Zhou wrote the corresponding formula on the draft paper.

Here, Chen Zhou's method is the same as that of mit physicists.

That is, the boundary conditions make the color flow 0 at the surface, resulting in a quantized energy level.

The energy density b will generate a normal energy term, which will keep the pocket at a limited size.

The solution to the gluon motion equation corresponding to the gluon field pattern in the cavity, which meets the boundary conditions, is nμgμa=0.

Chen Zhou looked at the solution of this equation and habitually pointed the strokes.

Then, quickly write next to the equation:

【Where nμ is the normal direction of the cavity surface, gμa is the gluon field strength tensor, and the lowest mode is calculated as:】

【transverse    electric    jp=1,xte=2.844】

【transverse    electric    jp=1-,xtm=4.493】

【From this, we obtain low-quality rubber spherical state as:】

【(te)2,0,2,m=960mev;】

【(te)(tm),0-,2-,m=1.3gev;】

【(te)3,0,1-,3-,m=1.45gev.】

Chen Zhou took a look at what he had written, and circled the last three lines of text with a pen.

Here, the (te)3 mode corresponds to the triple gluon glucosphere.

In fact, under the pocket model, you can study multiple glue balls of different quantum numbers in depth.

MIT physicists have done this.

There is also a comparison diagram of the quality of rubber balls under the pocket model.

However, Chen Zhou does not intend to conduct in-depth research for the time being.

After all, this is on a plane and it is difficult to get into that immersion.

And the immersion state is easily interrupted.

Therefore, Chen Zhou’s current idea is mainly to understand the pocket model.

It is easy to be clear.

Chen Zhou opened the draft paper, held the pen, and began to study the grid point qcd theory.

Speaking of which, Chen Zhou should be more curious about the research method of this theoretical model.

Because of studying rubber balls, it is inevitable to know the properties of quantum chromodynamic vacuum.

This involves non-perturbating quantum chromodynamics, and it is impossible to obtain through standard quantum chromodynamic perturbation calculations.

Therefore, in terms of studying the physics of non-perturbating energy regions of quantum chromodynamics, we start from the first principle of quantum chromodynamics.

The most reliable method at present is the grid point qcd theory.

This is also a numerical calculation method, called lattice    qcd.

When Chen Zhou thought of numerical calculations, he thought of what Friedman said, computational physics.

Not only Friedman's praise, Chen Zhou himself also understood that because of mathematics, he was indeed superior to other physicists in numerical calculations.

But, this is only relatively speaking.

After all, there is a saying that most excellent physicists are also excellent mathematicians.

Without sufficient mathematical knowledge and computing power as support, we can't go far in the world of physics.

Just think of Newton and Einstein and you will know.

Of course, Chen Zhou and Friedman's judgment criteria are different.

Chen Zhou measured it based on his actual measurement, while Friedman based on those two theory papers.

If you really read those two papers, Chen Zhou himself knew that it was because of the addition of the wrong questions that he gave people a sense of directional judgment.

But from another aspect, the wrong question collection is Chen Zhou's, and it is Chen Zhou's, so it can also be counted on Chen Zhou.

So, Friedman's evaluation is correct...

Time passes by Chen Zhou's pen tip.

On the draft paper, calculated values ​​are left.

However, as the calculation unfolded, Chen Zhou's brows couldn't help but frowned slightly.

Finally, Chen Zhou slowly stopped writing and habitually lit it on the draft paper.

This time, Chen Zhou ordered it for a long time.

After a glance, I calculated every step on the draft paper.

Chen Zhou calculated from beginning to end again in his mind.

You should know that even theoretical calculation of grid point qcd requires a lot of parameters.

For example, the mass of a quark, the energy scale Λqcd, the grid distance r0, etc.

The embarrassing problem Chen Zhou is facing now is whether the determination of parameters can meet the corresponding conditions.

After all, the results of the theory ultimately require experimental verification.

The uncontrollability of the experiment and the error of the experiment may cause the failure of theoretical verification.

This is also one of the reasons why some physical problems are difficult to solve in computational physics.

In addition, there is a lack of corresponding algorithms, and it is impossible to analyze numerical solutions accordingly, with too high complexity and chaos.

This is also the reason why physical problems are still difficult to solve even if computational physics methods are used.

Just like in the Stark effect phenomenon, solving electron wave function requires a very complex set of algorithms to solve.

If you don't do it well, you can only solve some of the situations.

This Stark effect is also a problem in quantum mechanics.

It means that when atoms are in a strong electric field, the behavior of electrons will change accordingly.

In addition, the solution to the Stark effect problem sometimes requires the use of perturbation theory in mathematics to perform approximate solutions.

Of course, the perturbation theory here refers to the perturbation theory in quantum mechanics.

Chen Zhou did not like this kind of approximate solution.

What he prefers is the accuracy of data, or the accuracy of numerical values.

This is like, if there is a calculation related to the speed of light, most people will take 3.0×10^8m/s to calculate.

But in precise calculations, the speed of light is 299792458m/s, which cannot be bad at all!

Maybe this is because Chen Zhou was a mathematician first...

Therefore, when Chen Zhou used the methods of computational physics, he seemed a little picky.

Of course, this picky refers to his calculations about himself.

On the other hand, this is Chen Zhou's habit.

If it weren't for this picky habit, he wouldn't have been praised by Mr. Qiu Chengtong as a "extremely rigorous in calculations".

After reading the draft paper in front of him, Chen Zhou read all the contents about the theoretical calculation of grid point qcd.

This time, it's not just a look.

Chen Zhou began to look and sat next to him to comment.

However, this comment is a bit confusing.

In Chen Zhou's own words, it is the previous calculation and cannot be miscalculated.

The current calculations cannot be calculated correctly.

But, when you think of it, you have to calculate it.

If you calculate too much, the data will naturally tell me the answer.

Returning to Boston from San Francisco, this journey from the West Coast to the East Coast of the United States is not short.

But in addition to the necessary time to go to the toilet, Chen Zhou was almost always in his seat, holding a pen and writing on the draft paper, line by line of numbers and lines of conformity.

In the past, Chen Zhou didn’t know how many draft papers he could write on a plane.

However, after this voyage, Chen Zhou probably knew about it.

There are twenty pieces of this densely filled draft paper!

And the flight time this time was only more than five hours.

In other words, Chen Zhou wrote about four pieces of A4 draft paper in an average of one hour!

Although it is more efficient than his usual ones.

But it's pretty good.
Chapter completed!