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There is a process for the defense. The first step is for the graduates to explain and introduce the topic and content of their defense. During this process, the entire audience is silent.

No one will bother you to explain your topic at this time, but it is very likely that at this time, the mistakes you make will be recorded in a small notebook.

Zhou Cheng spoke slowly, and at the same time, he marked all the threads he had deliberately buried in the process. In fact, he had made some calculations in advance.

"..."

"In view of the preliminary research of this research group and the objective data obtained during this research, we have cautiously deduced the following results."

"HK2 does promote the growth, proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells to a certain extent both in vivo and in vitro. After inactivating HK2, it will also have a certain effect on the growth, proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells to a certain extent.

negative effects."

"This ends my introduction. Thank you teachers for listening."

Time passed slowly, and Zhou Cheng finally finished introducing his topic in about half an hour.

However, this is not the end, but only the beginning of the defense.

After Zhou Cheng finished speaking, the whole audience was still silent.

In the defense, there must be questions and answers. This is the defense process. My simple introduction has only entered the key stage of the defense.

The defense committee members at the defense seat will ask questions one by one. Maybe they will only ask one question, but generally they will ask at least one question. This is unavoidable.

After Zhou Cheng finished speaking, he noticed that Cai Dongfan was beside him, his eyes flickering, and he began to become nervous.

He glanced at the people sitting there, including Gui Yuanping, who were all writing and drawing in their notebooks, as if they were preparing their own problems and delivering a "fatal blow".

In fact, if the respondent cannot solve the problem according to the real defense process, Cai Dongfan will have to talk to the others.

But Cai Dongfan?

Zhou Cheng saw An Ruo sitting there properly, and then both Lao Zhou and Lao Xiang felt very happy and gave themselves a thumbs up as a sign of encouragement.

I’ve told you before, don’t clap during this process. Applaud only when you see other people applauding.

That is the part of thanking the defense judges.

Yang Yifeng had already sat down, with a smile on his face. He didn't know if he was joking with the girl next to him, but he didn't even look in Zhou Cheng's direction.

Du Yanjun is an iron tool man.

After giving Zhou Cheng a minute's pause, Lei Zhong said very formally: "Dear defense chairmen and fellow defense judges, according to the defense process stipulated by our school, now our student Zhou Cheng has completed his defense topic.

introduction session.”

"Next, I would like to ask all the defense committee members to give corresponding guidance based on Zhou Cheng's defense explanation. Please arrange the order of the guidance."

Lei Zhong said it very politely, but he also knew that this time the defense was very formal, and Zhou Cheng and Gui Yuanping would never let him go just because they were related to Zeng Diwei.

Gui Yuanping was the first to bear the brunt. He sorted out his notebook, which contained densely packed questions. He raised his head with a serious expression. It was impossible to tell that he was Teacher Zhou Cheng.

After a round of inspection: "The respondent has completed the introduction of his topic. Let's start following the process. I will start by putting forward some of my opinions based on the respondent's completion of the topic."

"This defense process adopts a question-and-answer format, so."

"During the defense process, the respondent is not allowed to leave."

"You can also apply for one to three minutes of time to organize your thoughts." Gui Yuanping said seriously to Zhou Cheng.

Zhou Cheng smiled and nodded: "Thank you, teacher."

Then he continued to close his eyes and rest for half a minute before saying, "Teachers, I'm ready."

Gui Yuanping went straight to the point without hesitation: "Classmate, according to your previous introduction, HK2 is the first introductory pathway to glycolysis. This step is the first pathway for glucose to complete glycolysis."

"Then have you considered that when you were designing the pathway for this project, after HK2 was silenced, it would affect the survival of normal tissues?"

"Most of the anti-tumor drugs currently used clinically are very harmful to normal cells. Will your impact be greater?"

Gui Yuanping was so ruthless that he directly killed the first pathway molecule that appeared in Zhou Cheng's project!

If Zhou Cheng cannot give a more perfect explanation for this question, this defense will be a pure farce!

If you continue to study a path that has no practical significance, it will be a waste of money! It is unnecessary.

Zhou Cheng had thought about this question, but he never thought that Gui Yuanping would be the first to ask this question!

Taking a deep breath, Zhou Cheng said: "Teacher, our research group has considered your question in detail and consulted relevant literature."

"So far, various tumor cells such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic head cancer have confirmed the role of HK2 in related tumors. This is a question of the credibility of the source of this pathway."

"Secondly, I mentioned it in the review, and I also introduced it in the background. In current related research, there has been a precedent of completely knocking out HK2, and living animals still survive normally. This represents a targeted knockout

After removing HK2, there will be no safety issues that will affect normal cell activity and tissue activity on a large scale."

"Third, according to the in vivo experiments conducted by this research group, knocking out the HK2 pathway in osteosarcoma did not cause adverse damage to the liver, kidney and other tissues of living mouse cells. In this part, during my experiment,

There is also a corresponding detailed description.”

"Therefore, HK2 is reasonable as..., and it also has certain safety and reliability. Of course, this research group has not conducted corresponding experiments on humans, and there is no previous research that has conducted corresponding experiments on humans.

test."

"Considering the species variation between animals and humans, we cannot rule out the situation you mentioned, teacher. This is something that this research group will study in depth in the future."

"Thank you, teacher." Zhou Cheng replied with a smile.

People are different from animals.

However, both humans and animals have glycolysis pathways, both of which are HK2. After knocking it out, animals can survive completely. This is based on previous, recognized, and repeated experiments.

Our project is only to prove the impact of HK2 on osteosarcoma cells and in vivo experiments. This issue has not yet been studied in depth.

Naturally, this issue is not within the scope of consideration for the time being.

Gui Yuanping was also writing and painting, while Yang Yifeng was also recording something very formally.

Moreover, Zhou Cheng also saw that Zhang Xingze and others seemed to have scratched something away. Maybe this question was also listed among the questions they were planning to ask.

Before Gui Yuanping finished asking, he asked the second question.

"According to the description of your project, HK2 is a broad-spectrum target, and its antagonistic factors are widely lethal. How did you avoid this problem during animal testing?"

"To be more detailed, you simply used the HK2 silencer to treat sarcoma cells, and then injected them into animals to simply observe the growth of osteosarcoma?"

"You didn't give a more detailed description in your paper." Gui Yuanping's face was cold and stern, and there was no hint of the intention of protecting the calf.

This question is very detailed. If Zhou Cheng hadn't worked in the laboratory, he would probably be beaten to the point where his mother wouldn't recognize him.

"Thank you, teacher, for asking." After hearing this, Zhou Cheng pursed his lips.

After thinking for ten seconds, he replied: "The goal of this experimental group and this project is to confirm the influencing factors of HK2 in osteosarcoma cells on the activity of osteosarcoma cells."

"So we directly used silencers to treat osteosarcoma cells and observed the impact on the growth activity of osteosarcoma cells in vivo. The results are objective and impressive."

"As for the administration route issue that you raised, Mr. Gui, this should be a task for the next step of animal experimental research. This is a study of the killing effect and killing range of HK2 antagonist factors on normal tumors in vivo."

"Because, when our research group conducted this experiment, we did not yet know the specific role of HK2 in osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, it is rootless to directly consider the issue of administration route."

"If we directly consider this step, it would be too big a step and waste a certain amount of resources. Therefore, out of careful consideration, we have not taken this step."

"But after the experiment, we have already been discussing this issue. From my review research, it can be seen that our research group is searching for the corresponding and most reasonable way to deal with it. Thank you, teacher."

defense defense.

I don’t answer without defending. I didn’t know about this situation before. If you find the loopholes in my process, I will tell you the process problem. This step is too advanced. Doing it in advance will only waste time, experience and money.

This is undesirable.

You can't say that even if there is no such thing as immortality, you have to cultivate immortality.

Too forward and jumping movements can easily cause the egg to be pulled.

This requires an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the subject in order to be able to fill in this loophole.

Gui Yuanping didn't say that the answer was unreliable, he just continued to ask.

"The third question, HK2 can do it, why don't you consider doing it's more downstream and safer LDH?" Gui Yuanping asked.

As the saying goes, you can kill people, but you can't kill your heart.

In fact, the reason why I studied HK2 is because others were studied by others!

LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) related factors are safer. Only cells that perform glycolysis can have such things. Tumor cells are super reproductive cells...

Energy cannot be replaced in the reproduction process. Everything needs to rely on energy.

Zhou Cheng breathed a sigh of relief. Although the matter was like this, he definitely couldn't answer like this. If he answered like this, he would be beaten to death.

Zhou Cheng said: "Based on the process of glycolysis, we will find that there are many other influencing factors and bypass pathways between the HK2 and LDH pathways."

"In fact, according to the data queried by this research group, the energy source of osteosarcoma cells, or most cells, is not complete glycolysis, but the accumulation of a small amount of GDP produced during the glycolysis process.

"

"Moreover, osteosarcoma cells will have fibroblast-like characteristics in common, and some osteosarcoma cells will rupture and die, providing intermediate products for active osteosarcoma cells."

"If it is just for LDH, then a large number of intermediate products will provide a large amount of nutrient basis for the living osteosarcoma cells, and then digest them through the bypass pathway without aerobic oxidation, providing energy..."

(I can’t say more about it later. If you are interested, you can check the relevant literature.)
To be continued...