Chapter 199 Self-reliant scientific research route

Author: Zhelei

Chapter 199 Self-reliant scientific research route

"Director, you say that people call it "contact" and "catalyst". Why is it called "catalysis" in our Academy of Sciences? Isn't it a bit too unique?"

On an unknown afternoon, Cheng Nuo, as usual, left fifteen minutes after teaching the researchers in the School of Chemical Science and Technology, to answer questions and consolidate the foundation.

The stall is getting bigger and bigger. Not to mention the alkali production in the first place, the acid production in the later place, just talking about the current synthesis of ammonia, each link requires a large number of chemistry researchers. With the strength of Cheng Nuo and his team, it is really a bit difficult.

Moreover, ammonium sulfate (methyl sulfate) is only the starting point, not the end point of chemical fertilizers.

In the future, whether it is to increase production and income, protect the environment, or to fight against Chilean saltpeter (the main component is sodium nitrate, which is a natural raw material for extracting ammonia, potassium, sodium, sulfur and other fertilizers as well as iodine elements), it is necessary to increase the types of fertilizers.

In the final analysis, in addition to the weak chemical foundation in China, there is also a large number of chemical talents.

Therefore, in addition to researching technical problems in the fertilizer factory all day long, Cheng Nuo also founded a night school in the evening. In addition to Cheng Nuo's own teaching, he also invited various chemical talents such as chemical engineering masters and chemistry students to jointly write chemistry textbooks and teach various chemistry knowledge, so as to achieve the goal of mass training of students.

Thinking about the later War of Resistance Against Japan, the Japanese devils lost all their conscience to use chemical weapons against our compatriots. Cheng Nuo could not suppress his anger. He secretly thought about what to do in advance.

How can you repay kindness with kindness and repay kindness with straightforward grievance?

"Director, Dean, Dean?"

"It's all Catalysis. Isn't it 'contact effect'? Why should it be called catalysis?"

I thought Cheng Nuo didn't hear it clearly, so the student asked it deliberately several times, and the curiosity in his eyes almost turned into water and flowed down.

"Ahem, because the above two words are too simple, they are not enough to describe the reaction." Cheng Nuo's embarrassment flashed, and then he cleared his throat and explained solemnly: "Catalytics are substances that increase the reaction rate without changing the total standard Gibbs in the reaction. This process is called catalytic action..."

In the following time, Cheng Nuo tells the concepts of catalysis and catalyst one by one.

In fact, to truly trace the application of catalytic technology, winemaking technology has to be mentioned.

China is one of the earliest countries in the world to master winemaking technology. At first, the ancients used liquor as raw material and used the "chewing wine method" to chew rice into slurry, and used amylase in saliva to ferment it into wine. Later, people learned to use "Qu" to catalyze wine making. The "Qu" here is a catalyst, composed of substances such as fermentation agents and saccharifiers.

The earliest written record of wine chorus is "Shangshu: Shu Ming" "If you make wine chorus, you only have chorus flakes", among which "chorus chorus" refers to wine chorus.

As for China, the earliest winemaking technology is currently recognized as originating from the Neolithic Age where agriculture began, about 5,000 years ago. With the deepening of research, the origin of Chinese winemaking may be even longer.

In other words, our country has a history of using the concept of catalysts for 5,000 years.

It’s a pity that like other technologies in ancient times, they only exist in reality and cannot rise to the level of natural science theory.

As for the concepts of modern catalysis and catalysts, it was not until after the Industrial Revolution that this theory gradually became rich and perfected with the development of modern chemistry, and it was not officially confirmed until the end of the 20th century.

What Cheng Nuo just told the students was the concept revised by the International Federation of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Following the pulse of modern chemistry development, Cheng Nuo wrote a big book on the blackboard:

"Taking the chemical phenomenon of forming an unstable active intermediate during the reaction of halogen element and hydrogen as an example, we can propose the chain reaction mechanism assumption, i.e.

Cl*+ H→ HCl + HCl *

HCl*+Cl→HCl+Cl*(* represents an excited state molecule)

…”

Fortunately, there are some fermented concepts that the students in the audience can understand.

But later, Cheng Nuo's brain power was fully developed, starting from some basic chemistry, and calculating to the chain reaction mechanism until he obtained the general significance of its chain reaction mechanism.

Finally, I threw away the chalk and turned around and found that the sky was already dark, and I didn't even know when the moon would rise.

When I opened my eyes and saw that the students off the field had already walked, only Jiang Jiangzuo and the others were sitting in the classroom.

In a trance, Cheng Nuo couldn't help feeling a little disappointed.

After all, the proposal of this reaction mechanism can mark a new stage of development in chemical kinetics research. The free radical chain reaction theory has led the research on chemical kinetics from the total package reaction to the elementary reaction that constitutes the total package reaction, that is, the transition from macroscopic reaction kinetics to microscopic reaction kinetics.

It is because of this theory that two chemists won the Nobel Prize in 1956.

Out of selfishness, Cheng Nuo did not intend to publish the theory in advance, and even did not intend to appear on his own National magazine, but it did not mean that Cheng Nuo would not teach it to his own people.

Selfishness only targets the great powers, not their own compatriots.

But there was no student in the classroom at the moment. Cheng Nuo was excited to successfully deduce the theory, and he couldn't help but feel sad.

"These students actually don't cherish knowledge."

Jiang Jiangzuo noticed something strange, hesitated for a while and said, "Zhiyuan, do you want to ask why there are only a few of us in the classroom and not a single student?"

Cheng Nuo pretended to be strong: "I didn't think about it anymore. After all, it's not only difficult to understand after calculation, but also the chemical experiments in my mind cannot be shared with students. If you can't understand, you will definitely leave. I will simplify the steps later, so it will not be so difficult to learn new knowledge."

Jiang Jiangzuo sighed, raised his hand and pointed to the windows on both sides of the classroom. The glass was covered with students' heads.

It turned out that the students not only did not leave, but also stood all over the classroom. In order to see more carefully, some students climbed onto the trees and kept looking in.

Perhaps I was excited to see Cheng Nuo discover him, or perhaps the tree was not strong at all, and the student fell directly from the tree before he could move.

Cheng Nuohu's students were eager to protect their students. Seeing that they were not good, they quickly ran out to check the truth.

Unexpectedly, before he could reach the door, Jiang Jiangzuo stopped him first.

"Zhiyuan, it's not that the students are unwilling to accompany you in the classroom, but that we deliberately stopped them outside the door, so we couldn't even get in."

"Why stop them, let's learn together and discuss the problems together, isn't it good?"

"This is for you!"

"For me?"

"If you don't say whether someone will disturb you during your calculation process, just do you know how long you have been calculating here?"

"How long?" Cheng Nuo had a vague guess in his heart.

"Three days, three days!" Jiang Jiangzuo blushed, his tone was rapid and high: "Three days, you were calculating madly in front of this blackboard, muttering words in your mouth, not drinking a sip of water in the middle, just like crazy. If an old Chinese doctor hadn't come to diagnose, we would have to stop you and dance a great god dance to exorcise evil spirits!"

Hearing this, Cheng Nuo suddenly felt a huge feeling of fatigue, thirsty and tired, his stomach was loud and gongs and drums, and his eyelids were waving red flags, and he was about to lose his way.

In the end, when your eyes darken, you will soon be in trouble.

Jiang Jiangzuo was quick-eyed and quick-handed, and before he was about to fall, he helped him first.

Before Cheng Nuo fell asleep and had not completely lost his consciousness, the last sentence he heard was: "Come on, take your dean to the bedroom. You, hurry up and boil some hot water, add some salt and sugar..."

...

I don’t know how long it took, but Cheng Nuo finally woke up from the bed staggeringly.

The hunger he had been in recent days almost drove Cheng Nuo crazy. The first step after getting up was not to wear clothes, but to find food immediately.

Jiang Jiangzuo and the others had already considered this. The bedroom table was filled with all kinds of food. When they looked closer, they were still hot.

"Lifu and the others are really mean. Alas, you can't be too brain-struggled. If you starve to death due to sleep in the future, it would be a bit sad."

After taking a sip of water, pursing my chapped lips, I felt a little more energetic.

Cheng Nuo suddenly found that there was a stack of sticky notes left on the table, with the concerns of students, comrades and friends about him, which made Cheng Nuo feel warm.

However, there was one case that successfully attracted Cheng Nuo's attention.

Hu Chi Haisai slightly filled some of his stomach. Cheng Nuo put on his clothes and ran out immediately. He walked to a flower bed, stood at a high place and said loudly:

"Comrades, I remember before I went to bed, a student asked me why I had a related concept and had to specifically introduce the word "catalysis". Is there such a thing?"

Seeing the dean who had not seen for a long time finally appeared, everyone was happy and couldn't help but rekindle their curiosity about this topic.

"Director, are you in good health? Why don't you take a rest?"

"Yes, Dean, you haven't eaten for so long. Let's take some food to recover. We are not in a hurry to do this."

"That's right, you can get out quickly, this is too dangerous."

Cheng Nuo waved his hand and walked on the flower bed:

“First, I have said before, the specific concept of chemistry, whether it is ‘contact’ or ‘catalyst’, the meaning is too weak to support this concept, so we need to abandon it;

The second is the focus I want to talk about today, namely country naming. In fact, we came from Japan to modern scientific concepts. ‘Contact’ and ‘catalyst’ both come from Japanese, that is, the Toyota word. Do you know what this means?”

The quick-minded person answered first: "It means that we all learn from Japan in chemistry?"

Cheng Nuo nodded and sighed and said, "Although we don't want to admit it, we can't lie in the face of facts. Whether it is professional chemistry words or chemical systems, we copy Japan. We eat what people chew the rest of the things they chew, and walk the path they have walked.

If we want to surpass Japan and reach the forefront of the world's disciplines, we must be independent, take our own path, and establish our own discipline system. In this way, although we go slowly, we have to be solid, step by step. When we accumulate enough, our chemical achievements will completely explode and stand at the top of the world.

In view of the confusing translation of scientific nouns, I decided to regard unified scientific nouns as one of our main tasks in the future. First, to make the strokes simple so that the strokes can be described in order; second, to make the sounds clear so that the rhymes can be spoken in order to speak in words."

As soon as the call came, everyone below was moved and eager to try.

Cheng Nou paused and continued: "Comrades, we are now walking a path that our predecessors have never taken. Every step is to create history, and every step is to create the future.

The so-called knowledge is important in exchange, and utilitarianism is in communication. Power is strong by gathering, power is weak by sharing, power is weak by sharing. If you don’t know how to respond, you can seek peace and security. If you don’t work together, you can’t rely on it. And when the country’s strength is exhausted and neighbors approach, you will catch up and get up, fearing that the society and the country will be in a hurry to contribute!”

In this way, under Cheng Nuo's arrangement, on the one hand, everyone was busy making synthetic ammonia, and on the other hand, they also began to promote chemical knowledge.

First, we start from the enlightenment and popularization of chemical knowledge, spread popular chemical knowledge to the Chinese people, and then promote academic research and exchanges, and ultimately build a bridge between scientific research and chemical enterprises, and promote the transformation of chemical science and technology into actual industrial productivity.

Of course, Cheng Nuo is still willing to lay his foundation within the Academy of Sciences. Every time there is new progress in internal research, it will be taken out in time to let the comrades learn and grow together.

Of course productivity is also a complex system.

In this system, it not only directly reflects productivity, but also acts on other factors, such as improving the quality of workers, promoting the progress of production tools and production processes, expanding the source and types of labor objects, and thus becoming an important force in promoting social productivity.

The chemical industry generally refers to a manufacturing industry where chemical methods occupy a major position in the production process. This determines that the biggest feature of this discipline is that it requires guidance from chemical theory and also needs to apply the theory to actual production.

The discipline of chemical industry is the best manifestation of the combination of science and technology.

In this regard, Cheng Nuo is very good at transforming theoretical achievements into actual production results.

In the previous process of synthesis of ammonia, a synthetic ammonia catalyst mixed with iron, alumina and potassium oxide was studied, but the newly developed catalyst is easily toxic to harmful impurities in the raw gas and fails. Therefore, the synthesis reaction requires a high purity of the raw gas.

During the process of making raw materials in Chengnuo, the generated gas contains a lot of carbon monoxide.

How to remove harmful gases such as carbon monoxide from hydrogen has become an academic issue.

"Solve a problem, and another problem arises. When will this end?" Speaking of this, Fan Xudong's head was a little big.

Cheng Nuo smiled and patted the other party on the shoulder: "There is a hard time passing through the pass, and the road ahead is long and bright. What's the matter? Solving every problem means that the growth of our team will take another step forward."

"But how to solve this problem now?" Fan Xudong was in trouble.
Chapter completed!