At six o'clock in the morning on September 8, 1792, Kong Shaoan, who had just slept for four hours, was woken up by the rapid alarm. When he got up, put his teeth and washed his face, the guard had already tidied up the bed cover on the Arhat's bed, placed it on the tea table, and arranged breakfast.

He lived in the entrustment house behind the lobby of Wendeng County, which is located in the northeast corner of Wendeng City. Three days ago, when the Northern Navy attacked Wendeng City, Dianshi Deng Tingkai and Jinghai Office inspector Huang He were shot dead when he led the yamen runners to resist. County magistrate Zhou Luduan, county school teacher and discipline commander were all captured. In addition, Weihai Office inspector Zhang Shaozhang was unknown whereabouts.

Although the magistrate was arrested, his family still lived in the back house. Kong Shaoan didn't think about knocking people away. He learned that there was a back door facing the street in the inner house, so he asked someone to lock the door leading to the inner house, and arranged a guard to be on duty. He himself used the signing room as a temporary residence and office. At present, the county government of Wendeng County has a new name-the Wendeng Military Control Council of the North Sea Army, which is temporarily under the jurisdiction of Wendeng and Rongcheng counties.

Kong Shaoan doesn't like living in the county government at all. The structure is cramped and many places are disrepaired for a long time. At night, it is gloomy and quite intriguing. However, because it is convenient to check the archives of the Jiageku, he had to live here temporarily. He planned to wait until Ninghaizhou and Haiyang counties were captured and then go to the outside of the county town to find a piece of land to build a new office space.

In ancient China, there was a saying that "officials do not build yamen". Unless it is destroyed, they will be repaired, and they will be repaired wherever they are damaged. You should know that the repair of yamen will be exhausted and damaged, and the second is that it is easy to cause corruption and be reported and impeached. As for the third, if you are an official and transferred to the office at the end of your term, why should my predecessors plant trees so that your future generations can enjoy the shade?

Kong Shaoan is from Shandong and likes to eat noodles for breakfast. He just put his stomach on a bowl of seafood noodles with pickles. He felt that the dryness of the night was smoothed out and he felt much more comfortable. However, when he saw the stack of books and documents on the table that he had not finished reading yesterday, he couldn't help but suck his teeth. You should know that for modern people, there are not many people who can get used to the writing format of ancient people. They don't have to say anything, but they will be serialized if they are not careful. Yesterday, he felt dizzy after reading it for a while. Later, he found a ruler to compare it, and then he could only read it.

No matter how reluctant, Kong Shaoan knew that he had to read these things patiently. He should know that taking over a county-level area that had become large is different from establishing a county from scratch. The latter is a piece of white paper that is easy to paint, and he can find something to make up for. The former must first understand the composition of local social grassroots organizations, understand the local tax and service system, and be clear about the population, land, money, grain, products, and even culture and education before he can start reform.

This time, Beihai Town is going to build up like a nail in Jiaodong, rather than simply recruiting people. Zhao Xin’s goal for this Shandong plan is to accumulate experience for the future through the acceptance and management of the four counties of Jiaodong, and set up a benchmark and set up a sample.

Kong Shaoan got up and walked around the yard for a while, smoked a cigarette, then went back to the house to sit down. He opened the account book with a ruler and just looked at two lines, a irritable feeling arose. He was thinking about whether the people in the work team would help him read it first. When he finished sorting out his own, he saw the guard outside the door come in and report: "Commander-in-chief, Liu Mengren from the household room and Yu Heli from the Zhengfang room have arrived."

Kong Shaoan thought to himself that he was sleepy and touched the pillow - it was the time to come. He thought for a while and said, "Let Liu Mengren come in, Yu Heli... Let him come again after lunch."

"yes!"

A few minutes later, someone fucked a smoky voice at the door and said in a deep voice: "Little man Liu Mengren, pay a visit to the commander-in-chief!"

"Please come in!"

As soon as Kong Shaoan finished speaking, he saw a middle-aged man in his forties walking in from outside. He was not tall, had a national face, thick eyebrows and big eyes, slightly dark face, with a few strands of beard, wearing a gray grey robe that was washed with a little white, covered with a dark jacket, and a six-in-one hat made of six pieces of black satin.

After entering the house, the man respectfully walked to a place three steps away from Kong Shaoan's table, knelt down and kowtowed directly, and said without raising his head: "Little man Liu Mengren, once served as the county magistrate, I wish you a visit to the master!"

Kong Shaoan recalled the scenes in the costume drama I had watched before and reached out to signal, "No need to be polite, please get up."

"Thank you!"

Kong Shaoan and others stood up and looked up and down. From the face of this person, he looked honest and honest, but he was not a good man in the information of the Intelligence Bureau. He then said, "Mr. Liu, I want to tell you some things."

Liu Mengren still kept a 15-degree bow and bowed, "Please give me the order!"

Kong Shaoan said in a deep voice: "Don't call me Master in the future, nor do you call me Commander-in-Chief. Now Wen Dengrongcheng has established military management committees. I am the director of the military management committee, so I will call me Director Kong."

"As for the order!" Liu Mengren knew very little about Beihai Town, and was very curious that the "Director" was a rank official. At this time, he heard Kong Shaoan continue, "Another, please tell Yu Heli clearly after a while. Beihai Town has no rules to kneel down when he sees an official. If you see me, don't kneel down again."

No one is born with a slutty bone and likes to kneel down and kowtow. Liu Mengren showed respectful expressions when he heard this, and his body lowered a little, bowed and said, "Yes! The villain must tell you. Commander-in-chief... Oh, Director, you are kind-hearted and lenient to others. This is a blessing for the people."

Kong Shaoan was so amused and too lazy to talk anymore. He pointed to a ring chair in front of him and said, "Sit up, Mr. Liu, I happen to have something to ask you for advice."

"The villain dare not! Director, you are right, the villain must do his best." Liu Mengren thought the other party was just polite. You should know that in the past, he did not have the position of sitting in front of the magistrate, let alone the big man from the North Navy in front of him.

Kong Shaoan was too lazy to be humble anymore. He picked up a book of accounts, opened two pages, pointed to the contents on it, and said, "Mr. Liu, I see that Wendeng is 50 miles above. I would like to ask, what do the four mentioned above refer to, such as Du, A, Li, and Society?"

This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content behind! Liu Mengren smiled and said, "My dear words are heavy! A villain is low in identity, so he should not be allowed to "please". What you are talking about is actually the court, oh, no, it follows the "Dujia system" of the Northern Song Dynasty and the "Lijia system" of the former Ming Dynasty. The county sets "Du" and "Dujia" sets "Du" sets "Du" below. When we arrive in our dynasty, we will not..."

Kong Shaoan looked at it and said, "Mr. Liu, you don't have to worry about the titles of the Qing Dynasty. I won't care. After all, I have been talking about it for so many years and I can't change it for a while. Just explain it clearly."

"Yes!" Liu Mengren has been working in a household for more than 20 years. The reason why Babaer came to see Kong Shaoan was because he wanted to continue to work as a servant in the "New Dynasty" to eat food!

He wiped the sweat beads from his forehead with his sleeve and continued: "According to the old system of the previous Ming Dynasty, one hundred and ten households are one li, and the length of the village is set; the lower part is ten Jia, and the length of the armor is set to maintain the long. The other ten households are one card, ten cards are one a card, and ten Jia is one a guard. As for the "society" you mentioned, it is actually 'li', but Shandong is used to call it 'society', which is usually twenty or thirty, forty or fifty families live together."

Kong Shaoan listened and wrote on paper. When the other party finished speaking, he had already roughly understood that the so-called "capital" was actually "country", while "li" and "society" were the same thing, referring to the village.

In the previous summary information of the Intelligence Bureau, it was mentioned that under Rongcheng's rule, there were 20 miles of Sandu, Wendeng's sixth capital, and when he arrived in Ninghaizhou, there were 8th townships and 77th clubs, and when he arrived in Haiyang County, there were 45th clubs in Sixiang. Those who did not understand the situation would definitely be confused at first glance.

Kong Shaoan drew a simple form on his notepad and filled in the situation in the four counties one by one. He immediately felt clear at a glance: there were 21 townships and 192 administrative villages in total.

He picked up the information from the Intelligence Bureau, looked through it and asked, "Now many places in Shandong have implemented the 'Shunzhuang Law'. What's the situation here in Wendeng?"

Liu Mengren was shocked. He didn't expect that the other party knew this, so he flattered him again: "Director, you are really knowledgeable and admire him. Wendeng has been advocating this method since the 25th year of Qianlong's reign, but the people are still used to the name of "living society".

Kong Shaoan smiled faintly and said, "Whether the household is concerned, the community is involved, the corners are divided, and the cadastral land is unclear."

Liu Mengren suddenly felt a sudden shock, and then he realized that the other party was not a "stick" and couldn't help but be careful. In fact, this guy explained everything before, and A's content was the system of the 51st year of Kangxi. Although he still said that, his inner body had changed a long time ago.

The statement stated that in order to control grassroots society at first, the Huangcai Lijia system was established. Lijia was responsible for money, grain, taxes and service, and the Lijia guided folk beliefs and sacrifices in order to achieve "establish education, enlightenment, and respect the body."

The "li" in the Ming Dynasty was not "society", but a grassroots organization higher than "society". The "society" was built according to "li", and the scope of "li" determined the setting of "society". However, as the editor of the population, tax and service, the "li" was difficult to fix the households and regions, and in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Li Jia was gradually replaced by Tu Jia.

The "picture" of Picture A is related to the fish scale picture album and is a relatively fixed geographical space. From then on, A is no longer a registered household consisting of 110 households, but has been transformed into a regional organization that governs several physical villages.

The upper level of "tu" is "du", which is the legacy of the rural capital system in the Song Dynasty and is divided according to region. There are two types of construction below the capital. One is the capital map, mainly people and households, belonging to the yellow book system; the other is the capital protection, mainly region, belonging to the fish scale map system.

In order to stabilize the situation in the early Qing Dynasty, the household registration management system of Huangcai Lijia and the cadastral management system of Yusancai was still implemented. The Qing court began to edit and review the number of people in the fifth year of Shunzhi and restored Lijia. However, the Lijia system could not show the actual situation of personnel flow, and the loss of households in A was serious, resulting in uneven taxes and service.

Until the 51st year of Kangxi, the Qing court's practice was the same as in the Ming Dynasty, and every year it adopted a strict household registration review system and rolling orders to urge the levy to maintain the operation of the Lijia system. Until the contradiction between household registration review and the collection of Dingyin became increasingly serious, Kangxi then introduced the "breeding people and never adding taxes."

From then on, the tax amounts of states and counties were basically fixed. Although the number of people has been meaningless since ancient times, the fixed amount of people still has uneven taxes; officials, gentry and powerful families concealed the number of people, and poor farmers were reported in full, so the burden on farmers became increasingly heavy, and the tax could not be collected in full; so when Yongzheng ascended the throne, the tax was officially put on the agenda. Thousands of years of capitation tax was lost, and the population outbreak during the Yonggan period naturally began.

To deposit the households into the land, you must first understand the relationship between the land and the owners. The Qing court took the lead in implementing the "Shunzhuang Law" in Zhejiang in the sixth year of Yongzheng, and then it was not until the middle of Qianlong that it began to be implemented in various places in Shandong. The focus of Shunzhuang was on "regarding households and regardless of land", and abandoning the inventory of land, and the focus was on clarifying "who pays taxes" and allowing the tax amount to be placed on more household names; that is, the household names of the people are no longer based on the household registration of Lijia, but are included in the villages where they actually live, and urged to be levied according to the real household names of the villages. The term "village" that is well known to people in later generations appeared with the "Shunzhuang Law".

Since Shunzhuang is conducting an inventory of grain households and land and streamlining the relationship between land and owners, then making up books for land and households according to the current village will inevitably break the original Lijia pattern, so the grassroots organizational structure has been transformed from Lijia to natural villages.

The change in the tax service system, coupled with the abolition of the review system for the population and the implementation of the "Shunzhuang Law", led to the Qing court's beginning to strengthen the Baojia system to monitor the flow of personnel and rural crimes; its core is to emphasize the arrangement of people and households, requiring each household to send a card with a letter and card, write a name for Ding, indicate where to go, and check where to go when entering, and where to come. Anyone who finds that the origin is unknown, they must be arrested and punished. This has constructed a militarized grassroots security system, which has lasted until 1949 in the history of another time and space.

Having said that, the reason why the "Shunzhuang Law" was vigorously promoted in Shandong during the Qianlong period was mainly to solve the problem of social and quad splitting, and the core was how to fully collect annual taxes.

The society, the quadratic branch refers to the establishment of a new village from the original village. However, the size of this village is not large, so it is called "quadratic". With a new taxpayer, the government is of course very happy; the problem is that the wisdom of the people is infinite. Although the population is growing, the purpose is mainly to evade taxes.

Moving out of the old village and establishing a new corner is the first step to avoid the taxes and service in the old village. Secondly, because the registration of the government is lagging (or bribing the official to register for several years later), isn’t this tax paid a lot less!

In Shandong in the middle of Qianlong's reign, a village could actually split dozens or hundreds of corners. This was no longer a real village, but just a false reputation for tax evasion. This led to chaos in the local grassroots organizations used to collect taxes, and the tax burden on the people who stayed in the old village would become heavier, which led to the inability to collect the taxes in full.

At this time, Kong Shaoan asked something casually, which immediately made Liu Mengren sweat coldly on the back of his neck.
Chapter completed!