Liu Pei tried hard to think about whether there were any contrary examples. However, his knowledge reserve was indeed very poor and he could not find any available evidence. But suddenly he had an idea and said: "But we have 56 ethnic groups in China, and they are quite harmonious now."

Live together?”

After hearing this, Professor Yuan laughed a few times and said: "What you said is too one-sided. Yes, there are 56 ethnic groups in our country. But the main culture of most ethnic groups has been replaced by the main culture of the Han nation. That's right.

That is to say, although they may still retain the characteristics of their own ethnic group in dressing up, they are already Han Chinese in ideology! Although we indicate different ethnic groups on our ID cards, in fact many ethnic groups can be regarded as one ethnic group.

Now! That’s the Han people! But before that, it wasn’t like this.”

"I don't quite understand, Uncle Yuan, can you explain it in detail?" Liu Pei said.

Professor Yuan took a comfortable posture and prepared to start the lecture. On the one hand, Professor Yuan suffered from an occupational disease and wanted to answer seriously when someone asked him. On the other hand, he also wanted to enlighten Liu Pei and divert his attention.

Professor Yuan said: "Of course. Then let me talk about it briefly. I will take two ethnic groups as examples, the Mongolians and the Manchus. When the Mongols invaded the Central Plains, they positioned the Han people as the fourth class of people. This is typical

One nation overwhelmed another nation. At that time, the Han paid a huge price to drive away the Mongols, and the Mongols have declined since then."

Liu Peijie interjected: "I know this! Zhu Yuanzhang rebelled and killed the Tatars on the night of the full moon! Then he founded the Ming Dynasty."

"That's right." Professor Yuan nodded and said: "This is a symbol that the rise of one nation must be at the expense of the decline of another nation. The Mongols rose and they established the Mongol Empire; while the Han people declined and became

They were fourth-class people who were not much better than slaves. Later, when the Han people became stronger, they drove the Mongols away. Since then, the Mongols have been in decline. Until now, the Mongols have no chance to rise!"

"What about the Manchus?" Liu Pei thought and said, "The Manchus have ruled China for nearly 300 years, and they have been very successful!"

"Did they really succeed?" Professor Yuan said meaningfully

asked rhetorically.

"Of course it was successful!" Liu Pei retorted loudly: "When the Qing Dynasty collapsed, how many old people and children cried and cried for the restoration of the country? If this is not considered a success, what is a success?"

Professor Yuan smiled proudly and said: "In this regard, the Manchu Qing Dynasty was indeed successful! But the Manchu Qing Dynasty's successful rule of China was at the cost of fully accepting the Confucianism of the Han people. Take Kangxi for example, this literary prison

The masters forced the Manchus to learn Chinese culture and replaced the Jurchen tribal language, which laid the foundation for the Qing Dynasty for more than two hundred years. So, they have quietly become Han Chinese!"

Liu Pei thought for a long time and said: "It seems like this is really the case."

Before the rise of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, when the Manchu Qing Dynasty fought against the Ming Dynasty, the emphasis at that time was on beheading to record merit. That is, the soldiers used the severed heads as evidence. You must know that the appearance of a severed head must be different from that of a living person.

Same.

The officials in the rear need to check whether the merit is true based on the head rank. They can confirm the difference between the two ethnic groups through the heads of dead people, let alone living people. This shows that there are big differences in the appearance of the two ethnic groups.

!But what now? If a Manchu doesn’t show you his ID card, can you confirm that he is a Manchu?

I have a Manchu friend who is a true descendant of Aisin Gioro. His life is no different from everyone else's. It wasn't until one day when the company needed ID cards for business and everyone handed in their ID cards that I found out what his real surname was.

Aixinjueluo!

This is the role of assimilation. Only the culture of the Han nation has such a great tolerant role. For example, during the reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the powerful Xianbei nation was silently integrated into the big family of China.

But Liu Pei had his own little secret in his heart. He continued Professor Yuan's topic and said: "So after the demise of the Ming Dynasty, if the Manchus did not accept Confucian culture, could he still take over the Central Plains?"

Professor Yuan thought for a moment and said: "This is a big topic. There are quite a lot of issues to be studied. But I personally think that they will briefly invade the Central Plains like the Mongols, and then they will still be in control very quickly.

They will be driven away. But in this case, the price paid by the Han people will be higher than in history."

Liu Pei asked: "Uncle Yuan, I'm not familiar with the history of the Ming Dynasty. I just want to ask, when the Manchus took over the Central Plains, how many Han people were killed?"

This question made Professor Yuan think about it for a long time before he said: "There are historical records that the population in the late Ming Dynasty was between 120 million and 180 million. But by the natural disasters, plagues and diseases in the late Ming Dynasty,

War, etc., resulted in the death of a large number of people. Therefore, the population when the Qing army entered the customs should be between 100 million and 150 million. The large-scale massacre by the Qing army took more than 39 years to end. Later, in

After the Manchus took control of the country, in the 21st year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, which was 1682 AD, and the 48th year after the Qing army entered the country, the country's population was only 20 million. In the 50th year of Kangxi's reign, in 1711, the country's population

The number of Ding was only about 25 million, and the total population at that time should be about 60 million. Even in the early Qing Dynasty, the same phenomenon of population underreporting existed, and there were still a small number of fugitives hiding in the mountains and forests. It is estimated that after the Manchus entered the customs, the population

An extremely conservative estimate is that there will be at least 50 million people."

"So many?" Liu Pei said in surprise.

"That's right! It's actually far more than this number!" Professor Yuan nodded heavily and said: "My estimate is still a conservative estimate. If the factor of population birth is also taken into account, then after the Manchus entered the customs, China's population loss

The total number is likely to be a number that greatly exceeds 50 million lives lost, and the maximum number may exceed 100 million!"

Liu Pei was silent again after hearing this. Professor Yuan saw that Liu Pei was silent again, so he explained to him: "But these things have passed after all. I think this time you were stimulated by some bad things you saw abroad.

But don’t worry so much about things abroad. At present, the most important thing is to take good care of your health.”

Liu Pei nodded silently. At this time, the nurse came in and chased people away. Professor Yuan told Liu Pei to take a good rest and come back to see him in a few days. Then he left.

Professor Yuan left, but Liu Pei, who was lying on the bed, couldn't sleep. After talking so much with Professor Yuan, he received a lot of information! It also had a great impact on Liu Pei!
Chapter completed!