Zhang Chao is not in Beijing, and the cabinet is chaired by the Zixiang Fang Xuanling. .

That afternoon, the cabinet.

All the ministers of the cabinet, as well as the bachelors of the Hanlin Academy, and the presidents of the parliament were all here. Cheng Qian sat in the original position of Zhang Chao. Today, so many important ministers of the empire arrived to discuss the revision of the Labor Act proposed by the cabinet.

This amendment was proposed by Zhang Chao and the draft has been completed.

Although Zhang Chao is not in Beijing, the draft is still following the scheduled process.

This draft was placed in front of Emperor Chengqian, and the draft had been opened.

The page of the draft is a new article.

"The public property of the Tang Empire is sacred and inviolable, and the private property of the citizens of the Tang Dynasty is sacred and inviolable!"

There is also a detailed explanation below: the public property of the Tang Dynasty refers to the property owned by the Tang Dynasty court and the property owned by the royal family.

The Tang Empire protected public and private property and prohibited any organization or individual from using any means to encroach on or destroy public and private property.

There is another sentence later: ownership is the right to use, income and disposal of the property without restrictions, but the use prohibited by law does not apply. No one may be forced to transfer ownership, but for public use and fair and prior compensation is not allowed.

Private property is inviolable, but taxes must be paid in accordance with the law. For example, when the state needs to requisition or demolition, as long as the court provides fair compensation.

But no matter what, it is still a failure to put this article directly at the forefront of the law.

No one has ever said this before, let alone written in the provisions of the law.

In past thoughts, the emperor was the emperor and the spokesperson of heaven on earth, and advocated the unity of man and nature. Especially the land of the world, is the land of the king, the guest of the earth, or the minister, the concept of the king and the minister, which fully demonstrates that the whole world is actually the emperor.

Under this idea, private property has no real private property, because private property also belongs to the emperor. Therefore, the emperor has the right to collect taxes, or even increase taxes at any time, and has the right to requisition private property at any time, etc.

Even if it is the territory of noble vassals, it is also given by the emperor, and it is not entirely private to the nobles.

To be honest, only the vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period can be considered privately owned. After all, the vassal of my vassal is not my vassal. The lord is the vassal of the emperor, but the vassal of the lord is not the vassal of the emperor.

Cheng Qian has been staring at this sentence for a long time.

He felt that Zhang Chao put this sentence on the first page, which was unusual.

Private property is sacred and inviolable, and then many provisions can be extended below.

For example, when the emperor and the cabinet set up new tax items and adjust tax rates, they must consult the two houses of parliament and obtain a majority vote before they can pass the implementation.

For example, all vassals, lords, nobles, shall not be arrested or imprisoned without being judged by the House of Parliamentary Nobles, shall not be confiscated, deposed, deprived of titles, or shall not be reduced or deprived of fiefs.

In this clause involving aristocrats and fiefs, the relationship between the nobles and the emperor's court was so straightforward for the first time.

If the emperor wants to convict the nobles, it must be tried by the nobles' court, and there is sufficient evidence to convict. Before convicting, the emperor has no right to remove or take away the nobles' titles and their fiefs.

The emperor shall not privately increase taxes on the noble fiefs, nor shall he force the noble private army to conquer wars.

According to these terms, the noble vassals were vassals of the court and the emperor's ministers, but their rights and interests were protected.

Although it was not written here, if the emperor violated these regulations, whether the nobles could resist, it still shocked Chengqian.

If the king wants his minister to die, his minister must die.

The title of a subject is given by the king, so the king should naturally have the power to reclaim it.

But now, these legal provisions are written in black and white. It is easy to give them out, but it is difficult to take them back.

Because after giving it out, the territory and titles belong to the private property of the nobles and are sacred and inviolable.

There are many other articles that surprised him later.

For example, as long as a nobleman has a title, he will automatically become a noble member. Aristocratic members have the right to freely elect representatives of the Central Aristocratic House. Aristocratics commit crimes and must be tried by the nobleman before they can be convicted.

It also stipulates that local civil parliaments enjoy the power to freely elect civil parliamentarians, and civil parliamentarians at all levels also have the power to supervise governments at all levels and have the power to impeach officials.

At the same time, in these new articles, some are also added to the court and the emperor. For example, the legal provisions stipulate the law of the noble lord's promotion of grace and the principle of enfeoffment of grace and the principle of enfeoffment of grace and division of enfeoffments, and stipulate that all nobles who inherit the title and fief must pay an inheritance tax to the court.

The noble fiefs are promoted to enfeoffment and inheritance, which is equivalent to transferring the property and taxes are required. According to the inherited fiefs, taxes are paid to the court at a certain proportion.

The core of these terms revolves around a one-point where private property is sacred and inviolable.

Of course, the public property of the Empire is also sacred and inviolable.

If Zhang Chao is here, Cheng Qian would like to question him in person why he proposed these clauses.

There are many other provisions later, mainly the division of powers and obligations for labor employment relations, etc.

But Chengqian was not interested. What he was thinking about now was that this private property was sacred and inviolable, and then the power guarantee of the nobles.

The court cannot directly interrogate and convict aristocrats, but the aristocratic court must be judged and convicted. They may not be arrested or executed before conviction, and their property is even more inviolable.

After a long time, Fang Xuanling broke his silence.

"Everyone, after reading the draft, you may as well say anything."

Wei Zheng, the president of the Noble Academy, spoke for the first time.

"I think this draft is good. It is a good thing to protect the interests of the people. Now that the industry and commerce are booming, there are also many unscrupulous workshop owners and merchants who deprive workers of the workers and even make fakes, and are called vampires by the people. The court has drawn a line this time. This line is well drawn. If the court does not draw this line, then those heart-sucking ghosts will have no bottom line."

"The court has drawn this line now, and there will be laws to follow in the future. Unlawful businessmen who dare to violate the court's laws will arrest them if they should be arrested and punished if they should be punished."

Chengqian couldn't help asking.

"I agree with the protection of the rights and interests of the people of the Tang Dynasty. But this is the Labor Act. In this Act, the adjustment of tax items and tax rates must be passed by the two houses of the parliament. Is this a mistake? In addition, there is another provision involving the rights and interests of the nobles. Shouldn't it be placed in this Act?"

All the ministers were silent for a moment.

As we all know, these two items in this bill are extremely important. The terms of the real employment relationship that follow are not that important.

These two bills are actually directed to parliament.

If the tax law is passed, then the parliament will have greater power in the future. The cabinet will formulate tax laws, tax items, and tax rates, but it will be approved by the parliament. It is not reviewed by the six departments of the upper house, but must be approved by the two houses of the parliament. This is much more difficult than passing the six departments.

The aristocratic power to judge belongs to the aristocratic house.

In the end, the rights and interests of the nobles were greatly strengthened.

Without being judged and convicted by the nobles, the emperor had no right to seize the title of nobles and fiefs.

"Is the title and fief of the noble family considered private property?" Wei Zheng asked.

Ma Zhou, the director of Hanlin who had been sitting and not talking, replied directly and affirmatively, "Of course it is considered private property!"

"Can the imperial title be considered private property?" Cheng Qian asked back.

"The title is not an official position or a public instrument, so it is naturally considered a private property." As the dean of Hanlin, he was originally the most important consultant around the emperor, but at this time he was directly on the side of the nobles.

Ma Zhou was the emperor's consultant, but he was also a great nobleman and a prince. It is certain that he safeguarded his own interests.

In fact, which of the important officials of the empire here is not a vassal and nobleman of the court?

Company commander Sun Wuji didn't say anything.

He is also the prince of the Shangtang, and of course he also believes that this bill is a guarantee for the rights and interests of the nobles.

Whether to grant titles or not or territory is the final decision between the emperor and the court, but since the titles and fiefs are granted, it is not something the court can accept as long as it wants.

Unless a crime is committed and convicted after being tried by the nobles, the court can deal with the nobles.

The nobles' court was asked to be responsible for the trial of the nobles in order to prevent the court from persecuting the nobles.

The nobles' House of Representatives is responsible for the trial of the nobles, which is like the eight discussions of the powerful and powerful in the past, and is to protect them.

Fang Xuanling and others believed that the noble lords guarded the border for the Tang Dynasty and guarded the imperial court, and of course they had to have the rights and interests to protect the border.

You should know that the fiefs they enfeoffed were all outside the Central Plains. Even many fiefs, when they were enfeoffed, were still other aliens in the rulers, or they were very poor and biased places. They devoted countless energy and property to operate and build, and they could not take them away one day with just one word.

Territory is their private power and should be sacred and inviolable.

The vassals had the obligation to defend the border and even to open up colonials to the court, and of course they also had the power.

Seeing Fang Xuanling, Changsun Wuji, Ma Zhou, Wei Zheng and others all had the same attitude, Cheng Qian felt a little cold. He knew that he could not let them change their minds in this matter.

"Okay, the titles and territory of the nobles are the private property of the nobles, and are sacred and inviolable. The emperor shall not deprive the titles and territory of the nobles without the consent of the nobles, nor shall they be arrested, detained, executed, and shall not confiscate the property of infringement. The crimes of the nobles shall be judged by the nobles!"

"but!"

Cheng Qian's eyes swept over everyone, "The promulgation of tax laws, establishment of tax items, and tax rates are the powers of the court. According to the system, the cabinet will be formulated and the six departments of the upper house will be reviewed and rejected. I believe that there is no need to change this matter. When the court revises the tax laws, it can consult the two houses of the parliament. When the six departments of the parliament are reviewed, it can also convene a hearing by the parliament, but it does not need to be approved by the two houses of the parliament."
Chapter completed!